For more than 30 years, the highly regarded Secrets Series® has provided students, academics, and practitioners in all areas of health care with concise, focused, and engaging resources for quick reference and exam review. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Secrets, 4th Edition, offers practical, up-to-date coverage of the full range of essential topics in this dynamic field. This highly regarded resource features the Secrets’ popular question-and-answer format that also includes lists, tables, weblinks, pearls, memory aids, and an easy-to-read style – making an inquiry, reference, and review quick, easy, and enjoyable.

Part I: Fundamentals of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
SECTION 1: THE INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM: ORIGINS, INTERACTIONS, AND SCOPE OF INTERVENTIONS
1. WHAT IS PHYSIATRY?
2. THE PHYSIATRIC CONSULTATION: ACUTE TREATMENT, IMMEDIATE REHABILITATION, FUTURE ENABLEMENT, AND SYSTEM DESIGNS
SECTION 2: SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSIATRIC CARE
3. ANATOMY AND KINESIOLOGY OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
4. NERVOUS SYSTEM ANATOMY: CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL
5. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY AND COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE: FROM MEMBRANES TO FUNCTIONAL BRAIN NETWORKS
SECTION 3 LEARNING IN REHABILITATION
6. EDUCATING LEARNERS IN PM&R: THE VALUE OF LONGITUDINAL LEARNING
Part II: T the Rehabilitation Assessment
SECTION 4 PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION: RECOGNIZING STRENGTHS AND RESILIENCE
7. COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES FOR REHABILITATION PROFESSIONALS: EMPOWERMENT MEDICINE CATALYZES PERSONAL POTENTIAL ACTUALIZATION
8. ENVIRONMENT AS PERSONAL HABITAT: ECOLOGY OF FUNCTION AND PARTICIPATION FROM INTERIOR BODY TO THE METAVERSE
9. PSYCHOLOGICAL METHODS THROUGH REHABILITATION: THEORY, ASSESSMENT, AND INTERVENTION
10. NEUROMUSCULOSKELETAL EVALUATION OF THE REHABILITATION PATIENT: INTEGRATING DIFFERENT PIECES OF THE PUZZLE TO LOCALIZE LESION, ASSESS FUNCTION, AND PLAN THERAPY
11. GAIT: A CLINICAL AND BIOMECHANICAL OVERVIEW
Part III: Electro-Physiological Assessment
SECTION 5 ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF NEUROMUSCULAR CONDITIONS
12. BASIC ELECTRODIAGNOSIS: INTERPRETATION OF ELECTRICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS
13. RADICULOPATHIES: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES, ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC APPROACH, AND MANAGEMENT
14. PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY: DIAGNOSIS, PREVENTION, AND REHABILITATION
15. NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION DISORDERS: PHYSIOLOGY, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, AND ELECTRODIAGNOSIS
Part IV: Management
SECTION 6 COORDINATION OF PERSON-CENTERED TRANSDISCIPLINARY CARE
16. PERSON-CENTERED REHABILITATION: INTERDISCIPLINARY CONTEXT-SPECIFIC TREATMENT REQUIRES COMPONENT CUSTOMIZATION
SECTION 7 THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES
17. MANUAL MEDICINE: PHILOSOPHY, ASSESSMENT, AND MANIPULATIVE TECHNIQUES
18. TRACTION, MANIPULATION, AND MASSAGE: SELECTION APPLICATION AND OUTCOME
19. EXERCISE
20. PHYSICAL MODALITIES: THERAPEUTIC AGENTS IN THE CLINIC
21. ELECTROTHERAPY: MEDICAL TREATMENTS USING ELECTRICITY
22. NUTRITION AND DIET IN REHABILITATION: OPTIMIZING OUTCOMES
23. MEDICATION THERAPY MANAGEMENT TO ACHIEVE ENABLEMENT: RECOGNIZING INDICATIONS AND TARGETING OUTCOMES
24. COMPLEMENTARY, ALTERNATIVE, AND INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE: INCORPORATING DIVERSE
APPROACHES TO MAXIMIZE PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION OUTCOMES
25. REGENERATION AND REHABILITATION MEDICINE: INNOVATION THROUGH SYNERGY
SECTION 8 INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES
26. FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL ACUPUNCTURE: SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATION AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
27. PERIPHERAL INJECTIONS: MEDICATIONS, JOINTS, BURSAE, TENDON SHEATHS/INSERTIONS, AND APPLICATIONS OF BOTULINUM TOXIN
28. PHYSIATRIC IMAGE-GUIDED SPINE INTERVENTIONS: AGGRESSIVELY TREATING THOSE PATIENTS WE CAN IMPROVE
SECTION 9 IMPAIRMENT AND ACTIVITY LIMITATION FOCUSED INTERVENTIONS
29. REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH SEVERE VISUAL OR HEARING IMPAIRMENTS: INNOVATIONS FOR PERSON-CENTERED FUNCTION
30. ASSESSING AND TREATING SPEECH AND LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENTS: JOINING THE CONVERSATION
31. RECOGNITION, ASSESSMENT, AND TREATMENT OF SWALLOWING IMPAIRMENTS: ENGULFING TRANSDISCIPLINARY SOLUTIONS
32. NEUROGENIC BOWEL DYSFUNCTION: EVALUATION AND ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT
33. NEUROGENIC BLADDER
34. SEXUALITY DESPITE DISABILITY: INTIMATE AND REPRODUCTIVE SOLUTIONS
35. LOWER LIMB ORTHOSIS
36. UPPER LIMB ORTHOSIS
37. SPINAL ORTHOSES: PRINCIPLES, DESIGNS, INDICATIONS, AND LIMITATIONS
38. AMPUTATION REHABILITATION: RISK, PHYSIATRIC APPROACH, AND LOWER EXTREMITY PRINCIPLES
39. WHEELCHAIR PROVISION: A PERSON-CENTERED INTERDISCIPLINARY PROCESS
Part V: Patient Populations
SECTION 10: MUSCULOSKELETAL
40. SOFT TISSUE AND MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURY: DIAGNOSIS AND REHABILITATION
41. MYOPATHY: DIAGNOSIS AND REHABILITATION
42. OSTEOPOROSIS: DIAGNOSIS, MEDICAL MANAGEMENT, AND REHABILITATION
43. FALL, FRACTURE, AND JOINT REPLACEMENT REHABILITATION: SYNCHRONIZING INDEPENDENT PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES TO REEQUILIBRATE PATIENT FUNCTION
44. THE HIP: ANATOMY, EXAMINATION, DIAGNOSES, IMAGING, TREATMENT, AND REHABILITATION
45. THE SHOULDER: ANATOMY, PATHOLOGY, AND DIAGNOSIS
46. THE ELBOW: ANATOMY, PATHOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT
47. THE KNEE: ANATOMY, PATHOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, AND REHABILITATION
48. THE FOOT AND ANKLE: CLINICAL PRESENTATION, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT
49. THE HAND AND WRIST: TOP 25 QUESTIONS THAT YOU WERE AFRAID TO ASK
50. LOW BACK PAIN: CLINICAL, DIAGNOSTIC, AND MANAGEMENT PEARLS
51. NECK PAIN: ANATOMY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, AND DIAGNOSIS
SECTION 11: NEUROLOGICAL REHABILITATION
52. EMERGING MECHANISMS AND METHODS FOR NEUROREHABILITATION: THEORY AND APPLICATION
53. MOTOR NEURON DISEASE: DIAGNOSIS AND PROACTIVE REHABILITATION
54. SPINAL CORD INJURY MEDICINE: TRANSLATING SYSTEMS ADAPTATIONS INTO PERSONAL VISIONS
55. MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: CLINICAL PATTERNS, SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT, AND REHABILITATION
56. MOVEMENT DISORDERS: FUNDAMENTALS OF CLASSIFICATION AND TREATMENT
57. CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE
58. TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY: ETIOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, AND COMPLICATIONS
SECTION 12 OTHER ORGAN BASED REHABILITATION
59. CARDIAC REHABILITATION: LIFESTYLE, EXERCISE & RISK FACTORS MODIFICATION
60. PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE AND LYMPHEDEMA; LOCALIZATION AND INTERVENTION
61. PULMONARY REHABILITATION: IMPROVING DYSPNEA, ENDURANCE AND WELLBEING
62. CANCER REHABILITATION: FOCUS ON FUNCTIONAL QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE ONCOLOGIC POPULATION
63. RHEUMATIC DISORDERS
64. PRESSURE INJURIES (PRESSURE ULCERS): ETIOLOGY, PREVENTION, ASSESSMENT, AND TREATMENT
65. BURN REHABILITATION: GUIDANCE OF HEALING AND OPTIMAL PARTICIPATION
66. ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION: MEDICAL AND REHABILITATION MANAGEMENT
SECTION 13 CHRONIC PAIN
67. CHRONIC PAIN: ASSESSMENT AND INTERDISCIPLINARY INTERVENTION
68. CENTRAL PAIN: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT—A CHALLENGING DIAGNOSIS
69. SPINAL SEGMENTAL SENSITIZATION: DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT
70. CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL MANIFESTATIONS OF MYOFASCIAL PAIN SYNDROMES AND FIBROMYALGIA: DIAGNOSIS PATTERNS AND DIVERSE INTERVENTIONS
71. PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIC PAIN: CLASSIFICATIONS, MECHANISMS, AND TREATMENTS
72. COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME: DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT
SECTION 14 LIFETIME DEVELOPMENT WITH OPTIMAL FUNCTION
73. PEDIATRIC REHABILITATION: MAXIMIZING POTENTIALS ONE STEP AT A TIME
74. DEVELOPMENT: THE HEAD-TO-TOE CONTINUUM AND LIFE COURSE
75. NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS: PATHOLOGY, COMPLICATIONS, AND REHABILITATION
76. CEREBRAL PALSY
77. SPINAL DEFORMITY: RECOGNITION AND INTERVENTION
78. JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS: CHILDREN CAN GET ARTHRITIS TOO
79. GERIATRIC REHABILITATION: MAINTAINING RESILIENCE, SUSTAINING PASSIONS, AND CULTIVATING VIBRANCY
SECTION 15 PERSON CENTERED LIFE ROLE: WORK AND PLAY
80. PHYSIATRIC SPORTS MEDICINE: FUNCTIONAL DIAGNOSIS, FOCAL INTERVENTIONS, AND REHABILITATION FOR PREVENTION
81. VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION AND PERSONHOOD: A PHYSIATRIST’S VITAL CALLING
82. IMPAIRMENT AND DISABILITY RATING: ESTIMATION OF WORK CAPACITY
83. PERFORMING ARTS REHABILITATION: HARMONIC PERFORMER ORCHESTRATIONS
SECTION 16 COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES
84. HEALTH POLICY, LEGISLATION, AND REIMBURSEMENT: IMPORTANT FACETS OF PHYSIATRIC PRACTICE
85. INTERNATIONAL PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION: GLOBAL SYNERGY AND COLLABORATION TO MAXIMIZE REHABILITATION POTENTIAL
SECTION 17 PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE OF REHABILITATION
86. EPILOGUE: THE PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
Part VI: Online Chapters
SECTION 18 EMERGING TOPICS 622.e1
E87 LEARNING AND PRACTICING PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION: CLINICIAN CENTERED METHODOLOGIES 622.e1
E88 GENOMIC PREDICTION IN POPULATIONS: ADVANCING PM&R PRACTICE 622.e16
E89 FASCIA: ANATOMY, PATHOLOGY, AND REHABILITATION 622.e25
E90 MEDICINE THROUGH THE LENS OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: A THERMOGRAPHIC APPROACH 622.e33
E91 MUSCULOSKELETAL ULTRASOUND: FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES AND CASE STUDIES 622.e54
E92 STANDARDIZING THE MEASUREMENTS: OPTIMIZING OUTCOMES FOR CLINICAL SUCCESS 622.e59